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Case Report
A rare case of pediatric teen orbital alveolar subtype rhabdomyosarcoma in Saudi Arabia Eastern Province: A case report
1 Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Ophthalmology, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahd Military Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
4 Ophthalmology Department, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5 Oculoplastic Division, Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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Raghad Mohammad Alakel
Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahad Hospital of the university, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar,
Saudi Arabia
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Article ID: 100047Z17RA2025
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Alakel R, Algarni S, Alharbi A, Alhadlag A, Nassim H. A rare case of pediatric teen orbital alveolar subtype rhabdomyosarcoma in Saudi Arabia Eastern Province: A case report. J Case Rep Images Opthalmol 2025;8(2):5–11.ABSTRACT
Introduction: To report a rare presentation of an alveolar orbital rhabdomyosarcoma and the corresponding findings on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and surgical outcome.
Case Report: A 14-year-old Saudi boy, who presented with a progressively enlarging left upper eyelid mass. Associated with proptosis and limitation of extra-ocular muscles. He underwent imaging including CT scan and MRI which both modalities showed a large left intraconal mass with extraconal extension. The patient underwent a subtotal excision of the mass. Biopsy was sent for histopathology revealed a diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, solid variant. Histogenetics, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for the FOXO1 gene, showed a negative gene rearrangement. The patient was referred to the oncology center in Dammam for confirmation of the diagnosis and to initiate appropriate management based on the disease stage.
Conclusion: This case report highlights a rare instance of orbital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in a 14-year-old boy from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Despite being a highly malignant tumor with aggressive progression typically affecting younger children, our patient presented with a relatively slower progression and a 6-week history of enlarging swelling and non-axial proptosis.
Keywords: Alveolar subtype, Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma, Pediatric oncology
SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Author Contributions
Raghad Mohammad Alakel - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Saad Algarni - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Ahd Alharbi - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Abdulrahman Alhadlag - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Hala Nassim - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Guaranter of SubmissionThe corresponding author is the guarantor of submission.
Source of SupportNone
Consent StatementWritten informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this article.
Data AvailabilityAll relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Conflict of InterestAuthors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright© 2025 Raghad Alakel et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information.
